Electric traction objective type questions and answers pdf. Factors such as the low friction wheelrail that allows coasting for long. Pdf traction energy consumption of electric locomotives. Fuel cell and battery electric vehicles compared energy. Highspeed electric trains are becoming widespread and offer an alternative to shorthaul. Discuss in detail about series parallel control of electric traction motor with example. Traditionally each traction motor was custom made to fit a specific vehicle. The effectiveness of energy exchange processes in traction. Speed restrictions are needed because of transport safety due to railway track. In a steam locomotive electric power is provided through a battery system b diesel engine generator c overhead wire d small turbo generator. In main line service as compared to urban and suburban service a distance between.
Traction energy consumption of electric locomotives and electric. Theoretical analysis of the effect of traction parameters on electric vehicle energy consumption and driving range wawrzyniec golebiewski department of automotive engineering, west pomeranian university of technology in szczecin 17 piastow ave. Energy efficiency in highspeed train operation global. Factors affecting specific energy consumption distance covered the wider distance among stops is the lower the defined consumption of energy. System such a diesel electric drive, electric drive etc. It is also sometimes called gravimetric energy density, or just energy density though energy density more precisely means energy per unit volume. Specific energy consumption of high speed rail as compared to semihsr by mahesh kumar jain on october 20, 20 there is a general belief that the train resistance resulting high specific energy consumption of highspeed train is high as compared to normal speed train. Energy consumption in propelling the train is required for. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. In a steam locomotive electric power is provided through a battery system b diesel engine generator c. In main line service as compared to urban and suburban service a distance between the stops is more b maximum speed reached is high. It is also sometimes called energy density, though energy density more precisely means energy per unit volume. Factors affecting specific energy consumption in traction. Oct 20, 20 specific energy consumption of high speed rail as compared to semihsr by mahesh kumar jain on october 20, 20 there is a general belief that the train resistance resulting high specific energy consumption of highspeed train is high as compared to normal speed train.
During this design phase, special attention was given to energy efficiency, reliability, and fast and easy maintenance standardizing the traction motor flexible mounting the modular induction traction motor range has mounting brackets that can be fitted in a variety of positions so that ve. National renewable energy laboratory 1617 cole boulevard, golden, colorado 80401 3032753000. Regenerative braking with return of energy to an aerial contact wire in principle makes it possible to reduce the energy consumption for traction needs, but in real conditions the effectiveness of this braking type as a means of reducing the consumption of energy resources is often limited. Nontraction energy consumption uic study june 2012 final version izt and macroplan page 7 of 39 2. It is used to quantify, for example, stored heat and other thermodynamic properties of substances such as specific. Ee6801 question bank eeguc anna university free download. Electric traction electrical engineering questions and answers with explanation are arranged on this page for the sake of students. Directives issued to zonal railways for future use of only led tube light fittings. Electric energy consumption is the form of energy consumption that uses electric energy. Catenary free operation is a type of operation in which a train with electric traction motor runs on a nonelectrified line using the energy from an energy storage device.
Electric railways use either electric locomotives hauling passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units passenger cars with their own motors. In the transport sector, measures are focused on planning, infrastructure, modal change, the renewal of vehicles and also programmes for efficient driving. Working against gravity while moving up the gradient. If the train resistance is greater, the specific energy consumption is more. Overall energy consumption for railways is typical split into traction around 85% and nontraction around 15% energy consumption. Energy and co2 emissions international union of railways.
Here you can download utilization of electrical energy pdf notes uee pdf notes latest and old materials with multiple file links to download. Global shipments electric traction motors in evs 2016. Energy consumption prediction for electric city buses 2. Overall, all the plants together are to achieve a 4. This is the electrical engineering questions and answers section on electric traction with explanation for various interview, competitive examination and entrance test. Which of the following is an advantage of electric traction over other methods of traction. The steam engine drive is the best example of a non electric traction system and it is the first locomotive system used before the invention of actual electric traction systems. Sep 03, 2014 specific energy consumption is affected by which of the following factors.
Act of drawing or state of being drawn propulsion of vehicle is called tractions. Electric traction free online test for all competitive exams. Electric traction has many advantages as compared to other nonelectrical systems of traction including steam traction. Electric traction system 1 electric traction system presented by amit raj roll no. It is used in electric trains, tramcars, trolley buses and diesel electric vehicles etc. Factors such as the low friction wheelrail that allows coasting for. Electric traction electrical engineering questions and. Zincair batteries have been the subject of particular attention. By electric traction is meant locomotion in which the driving or tractive force is obtained from electric motors. China is facing urgent energy security and urban air pollution problems. Brushless and permanent magnet free wound field synchronous. Compressed hydrogen and fuel cells can provide electricity to a vehicle traction. Introduction overall energy consumption for railways is typical split into traction around 85% and nontraction around 15% energy consumption.
May 11, 20 energy for electric traction is consumed to overcome train resistance, grade and curve resistance, provide acceleration, losses in the locomotive during conversion of electric energy into mechanical energy and delivering at the point of contact and optimal use of auxiliary power in the locomotive for cooling of different equipment. The system which use electrical power for traction system i. Dec 24, 2018 regenerative braking with return of energy to an aerial contact wire in principle makes it possible to reduce the energy consumption for traction needs, but in real conditions the effectiveness of this braking type as a means of reducing the consumption of energy resources is often limited. It is possible to use regenerative braking in electric traction system. Energy density has tables of specific energies of devices and materials specific energy or massic energy is energy per unit mass. In terms of calorific value per weight, a battery generates only 1 percent of what fossil fuel produces. The specific energy content of the incoming mass flow, w in, and of the outgoing mass flow, w out, are the sums of potential energy, kinetic energy, and enthalpy. There are various systems of traction prevailing in our country such as steam engine drive, electric drive. System of electric traction mechanics of train movement. Maximum horse power of steam locomotive is a 100 b 500 c 1500 d2500. Modified sqpmethod, energy consump tion, electric traction system.
The track electrification refers to the type of source supply system that is used while powering the electric locomotive systems. Energyefficient driving patterns in electric railway traction main. Theoretical analysis of the effect of traction parameters. Overall efficiency of steam locomotive system is close to a 5 to 10% b 25 to 30% c 55 to 60% d 75 to 80%. Energy output specific energy specific energy consumption. Define specific energy consumption and discuss the factors which effect the specific. Pdf energy consumption prediction for electric city buses. Electric equipment and energy consumption the daily energy consumption of continuous and long duration low power consumers refrigerator and freezer is often underestimated, while the energy consumption of short time high power consumers electric winches, bow thruster, washing machine, electric cooker is often overestimated. Type of electric drives, choice of motor, starting and running characteristics, speed control, temperature rise, particular applications of electric drives, types of industrial loads, continuous, intermittent and variable loads, load qualization. Theoretical analysis of the effect of traction parameters on. Department of energy office of energy efficiency and renewable energy operated by the alliance for sustainable energy, llc nrelbr56048605. Optimization of energy consumption in electric traction system by. Review of electric vehicle technologies progress and. Department of energy office of energy efficiency and renewable energy operated by the alliance for sustainable energy, llc nrelbr56048605 july 2010.
Specific energy consumption is affected by which of the following factors. Electric traction 1701 however, the steam locomotive suffers from the following disadvantages. Free running period train runs at constant speed attained at the. Traction energy consumption of electric locomotives and electric multiple units at speed restrictions article pdf available july 2015 with 6,234 reads how we measure reads. Utilization of electrical energy notes pdf uee notes pdf book starts with the topics covering type of electric drives, choice of motor. Modified sqpmethod, energy consumption, electric traction system. The chapter on economics of electric power supply and utilisation is revised in this edition. Dan ludois principle investigator university of wisconsin madison june 9th, 2015 this presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information. Electric traction system requires electric power for propulsion of. It is measured in watthours, such that 1 wh is equal to 3,600 joules. It is used to quantify, for example, stored heat and other thermodynamic properties of substances such as specific internal energy, specific enthalpy, specific gibbs free energy, and. Pdf traction energy consumption of electric locomotives and. For a given run and a give schedule speed, the specific energy consumption is lower and for higher the acceleration and retardation since with a longer coasting period can be obtained and for a smaller period the supply is switched. Utilization of electrical energy pdf notes uee pdf notes unit i electric drives.
A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an onboard prime mover or local fuel supply. In the longer term 7 to 10 year period depending on investment in capital stock and signalling technology 15 to 18% increase in energy efficiency in electric traction, and a 10 to 12% increase in diesel traction is possible. The energy consumption of trains is highly efficient due to the low friction between steel wheels and rails, although the efficiency. In comparison to the main line service, the suburban service is poorer. Review of application of energy storage devices in railway. Non traction energy consumption uic study june 2012 final version izt and macroplan page 7 of 39 2. Ppt electric traction system powerpoint presentation. This split is a rule of thumb and is valid for most operators and integrated railways but is of course not applicable for infrastructure managers. This article describes the motor technology responsible for the elevator cars luxurious ride. Responsibility for energy conservation in electrical energy lies with the electric department whereas for diesel oil with the mechanical department of indian railways traction energy. The traction battery and electric motor technologies were improved distinguished. Electric drives and traction interview questions and.
Electric tractionii calculations of tractive effort, power, specific energy consumption for given run, effect of varying acceleration and braking retardation, adhesive weight and coefficient of adhesion. A section on photometric measurements is added along with study of halogen lamps and energy saving lamps. Specific energy consumption in electric traction answers. Ppt electric traction system powerpoint presentation free. Train movement and energy consumption electrical engineering. Introduction overall energy consumption for railways is typical split into traction around 85% and non traction around 15% energy consumption. The theoretical value for the specific energy content is 1050 whkg. Electric energy generation utilization and conservation ee6801 question bank pdf free download. Specific energy content an overview sciencedirect topics.
Passenger specific consumption by service type and traction type, 2005. Energysaving technology for railway traction systems. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations. Utilization of electrical energy pdf notes uee pdf notes. Specific energy consumption becomes a more on steeper gradient b more with high train resistance c less if distance between stops is more d all of the above ans. Nov 30, 2015 a traction system that doesnt use electrical energy for the movement of vehicle at any stage is referred as nonelectric traction system. Study on traction energy consumption and related co2. Speed time, distance time and simplified speedtime curves, attractive effort for acceleration and propulsion, effective weight, train resistance, adhesive weight, specific energy output and consumption.
Locomotives with monometer bogies have a uneven distribution of tractive effect b suitability for passanger as well as freight service c lot of skidding d low coefficient of adhesion ans. The specific energy of hydrogen and fuel cell systems compared to the specific energy of various battery systems. Specific energy consumption of high speed rail as compared. However, the electric motor is 90 percent efficient while a modern ice comes in at about 25 percent. Electric traction ii calculations of tractive effort, power, specific energy consumption for given run, effect of varying acceleration and braking retardation, adhesive weight and coefficient of adhesion.
The significance of the enthalpy to represent the thermodynamic energy of a stationary flow is established by bernoullis theorem pippard, 1966. These trains need storage devices capable of not only providing a high peak power, but also high energy capacity. Specific energy consumption of high speed rail as compared to. Practicing all electric traction electrical engineering questions and answers in online helps you to improve your ability to attend the real time gate, ies and bsnl jto exams. The electric braking of rolling stock is more effective and independent of the external conditions in. Motor technologies for industry and daily life edition. Ee6801 electric energy generation utilization and conservation question bank regulation 20 anna university free download. Presentation on energy conservation on indian railways. Aug 04, 2010 reduction of energy consumption has become a global concern, and the eu is committed to reducing its overall emissions to at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020. Energy storage in railways supercapacitors sc, flywheels and supermagnetics energy storage smes are new components that can be used for shortduration energy storage 3,4.
Mitsubishi electric corporation has developed a slim traction machine using a jointlapped core concentratedwinding motor, dispensing with the usual elevator machine room. Typical prices of 60 and 25 per tonkm for both services. The chapter on electric drives and traction covers recent trends in electric traction using gto thyristors technology. Study on traction energy consumption and related co2 emissions. This inevitably resulted in long lead times to accommodate the design, engineering, productspecific supply chain logistics, quality assurance and the cre.
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